Scientist Star

There is nobody who don't know this famous figure....so you must read it...^_^

Louis Pasteur 

Born : 27December 1822, 

 

Place born : Dole, France

Died : 28 September 1895

Acievement : He pioneered the study of molecular asymmetry; discovered that microorganisms cause fermentation and disease; originated the process of pasteurization; saved the beer, wine, and silk industries in France; and developed vaccines against anthrax and rabies. 

 

History : 

 

Early education

Pasteur's academic positions were numerous, and his scientific accomplishments earned him France's highest decoration, the Legion of Honour, as well as election to the Académie des Sciences and many other distinctions. Today there are some 30 institutes and an impressive number of hospitals, schools, buildings, and streets that bear his name—a set of honours bestowed on few scientists.

Pasteur's father, Jean-Joseph Pasteur, was a tanner and a sergeant major decorated with the Legion of Honour during the Napoleonic Wars. This fact probably instilled in the younger Pasteur the strong patriotism that later was a defining element of his character. Louis Pasteur was an average student in his early years, but he was gifted in drawing and painting. His pastels and portraits of his parents and friends, made when he was 15, were later kept in the museum of the Pasteur Institute in Paris. After attending primary school in Arbois, where his family had moved, and secondary school in nearby Besanon, he earned his bachelor of arts degree (1840) and bachelor of science degree (1842) at the Royal College of Besanon.

Research career

In 1843 Pasteur was admitted to the cole Normale Supérieure (a teachers' college in Paris), where he attended lectures by French chemist Jean-Baptiste-André Dumas and became Dumas's teaching assistant. Pasteur obtained his master of science degree in 1845 and then acquired an advanced degree in physical sciences. He later earned his doctorate in sciences in 1847. Pasteur was appointed professor of physics at the Dijon Lycée (secondary school) in 1848 but shortly thereafter accepted a position as professor of chemistry at the University of Strasbourg. On May 29, 1849, he married Marie Laurent, the daughter of the rector of the university. The couple had five children; however, only two survived childhood.

Molecular asymmetry

Soon after graduating from the cole Normale Supérieure, Pasteur became puzzled by the discovery of the German chemist Eilhardt Mitscherlich, who had shown that tartrates and paratartrates behaved differently toward polarized light: tartrates rotated the plane of polarized light, whereas paratartrates did not. This was unusual because the compounds displayed identical chemical properties. Pasteur noted that the tartrate crystals exhibited asymmetric forms that corresponded to their optical asymmetry. He made the surprising observation that crystalline paratartrate consisted of a mixture of crystals in a right-handed configuration. However, when these crystals were separated manually, he found that they exhibited right and left asymmetry. In other words, a balanced mixture of both right and left crystals was optically inactive. Thus, Pasteur discovered the existence of molecular asymmetry, the foundation of stereochemistry, as it was revealed by optical activity. Over the course of the next 10 years, Pasteur further investigated the ability of organic substances to rotate the plane of polarized light. He also studied the relationship that existed between crystal structure and molecular configuration. His studies convinced him that asymmetry was one of the fundamental characteristics of living matter.

Germ theory of fermentation

In 1854 Pasteur was appointed professor of chemistry and dean of the science faculty at the University of Lille. While working at Lille, he was asked to help solve problems related to alcohol production at a local distillery, and thus he began a series of studies on alcoholic fermentation. His work on these problems led to his involvement in tackling a variety of other practical and economic problems involving fermentation. His efforts proved successful in unraveling most of these problems, and new theoretical implications emerged from his work. Pasteur investigated a broad range of aspects of fermentation, including the production of compounds such as lactic acid that are responsible for the souring of milk. He also studied butyric acid fermentation.

That's all about Louise Pasteur,

dari sini akan saya jelaskan maksud dari blog saya ini^_^

biodata diri Louise Pasteur

• Tanggal lahir : 28 Desember 1822
  
  
• Tempat lahir : Dole, Bagian Timur Perancis
  
  
• Meninggal : 28 September 1895 – usia 73 Tahun
  
  
• Nama Ayah : Jean-Joseph Pasteur
   
• Pekerjaan orang tua : penyamak kulit dan sersan pada saat perang Napoleon 
   
• Riwayat kesuksesan 
  
  
  Sekolah Dasar : Arbois
  
  
  Sekolah Menengah : Besanon dekatnya, ia meraih gelar sarjana seni (1840) dan gelar sarjana (1842) di Royal College of Besanon.
   
  Profesor : usia 26 Tahun, di Universitas Strasbourg
  
  
  penemuan terbesar : tahun 1856, Universitas Lille (pasteurisasi)
  
  
• Penemuan : cara mencegah pembusukan makanan hingga beberapa waktu lamanya dengan proses pemanasan yang biasa disebut pasteurisasi

sejarah

Ayah Pasteur, Jean-Joseph Pasteur, adalah seorang penyamak kulit dan sersan utama selama Perang Napoleon. Fakta patriotisme yang kuat ini mungkin ditanamkan di Pasteur muda yang kemudian . Louis Pasteur adalah seorang mahasiswa berbakat dalam menggambar dan melukis. Pastel Nya dan potret dari orang tua dan teman-teman, dibuat ketika dia berumur 15 tahun, kemudian disimpan di museum dari Institut Pasteur di Paris. Setelah menghadiri sekolah dasar di Arbois, dimana keluarganya telah pindah, dan sekolah menengah di Besanon dekatnya, ia meraih gelar sarjana seni (1840) dan gelar sarjana (1842) di Royal College of Besanon.

Karir

Pada 1843 Pasteur dirawat di cole Normale Supérieure (perguruan tinggi 'di Paris), di mana dia menghadiri kuliah oleh ahli kimia Perancis Jean-Baptiste Dumas-André dan menjadi asisten dosen Dumas. Pasteur memperoleh gelar master ilmu pengetahuan pada tahun 1845 dan kemudian memperoleh gelar unggul dalam ilmu fisika. Dia kemudian menerima gelar doktor dalam ilmu pada tahun 1847. Pasteur diangkat guru besar fisika di Lycée Dijon (sekolah menengah) pada 1848. Tak lama sesudahnya menerima posisi sebagai profesor kimia di Universitas Strasbourg. Pada tanggal 29 Mei 1849, ia menikahi Marie Laurent, putri rektor universitas. Pasangan itu memiliki lima anak.

Pada usia 26 tahun ia sudah menjadi profesor di Universitas Strasbourg, kemudian ia pindah ke Universitas Lille dan di sana pada tahun 1856 ia melakukan penemuan yang berarti sangat besar bagi bidang kedokteran.

Dalam penelitian di bidang kimia, ia menguraikan permasalahan sifat asam tartrat(1849). tesis doktor-Nya “kristalografi” menjadikannya profesor kimia di universitas Strasbourg.  Pada 1854, ia diangkat Dekan Fakultas Sains di Lille University. Pada tahun 1857, ia diangkat menjadi direktur ilmiah studi tentang École Normale Supérieure. Selain itu, Pasteur juga meneliti berbagai jenis minuman yang terkontaminasi mikroorganisme. Ia berhasil menemukan cara mematikan bakteri yang ada di susu melalui proses pemanasan. Dia dan Claude Bernard menyelesaikan tes pertama  20 April 1862. Proses ini dikenal dengan istilah pasteurisasi. Pasteur mengusulkan cara mencegah masuknya mikroorganisme ke dalam tubuh manusia dengan mengembangkan metode antiseptik.

Pada 1870-an ia menerapkan metode imunisasi untuk penyakit anthrax, sehingga  membangkitkan minat para ilmuwan lain dalam memerangi penyakit lain yang bersifat endemic. Pasteur juga menyempurnakan vaksin rabies yang sebelumnya diciptakan Emile Roux. Vaksin ini pertama kali digunakan pada Joseph berusia 9 tahun Meister pada 6 Juli 1885 setelah anak itu parah dianiaya oleh anjing gila. Hal ini dilakukan pada beberapa risiko pribadi untuk Pasteur, karena ia bukan berlisensi dokter dan bisa menghadapi tuntutan untuk mengobati anak itu. Untungnya, pengobatan terbukti sukses spektakuler sehingga  Pasteur dipuji sebagai pahlawan dan tidak mendapat tuntutan hukum. Keberhasilan pengobatan ini meletakkan dasar untuk pembuatan banyak vaksin untuk berbagai penyakit seperti polio, cacar dan tetanus.

Pada hari ulang tahunnya yang ke 70 para dokter dan ilmuwan dari seluruh dunia berkunjung ke Paris untuk menghormatinya. Sejak tahun 1888 karya Pasteur dilanjutkan di Institut Pasteur di Paris. Kini institut itu mempunyai cabang di 60 negara. Makamnya terdapat di bawah Institut tersebut, jenazahnya dimasukkan ke dalam peti mati terbuat dari marmer dan granit.

Sumber

http://kolom-biografi.blogspot.com/2009/01/biografi-louis-pasteur.html

http://www.biography.com/people/louis-pasteur-9434402

buku : Seratus Tokoh yang Paling Berpengaruh dalam Sejarah, Michael H. Hart, 1978, Terjemahan H. Mahbub Djunaidi, 1982.

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